13 October 2016

Rudyard Kipling's If

Rudyard Kipling's If




Rudyard Kipling's If


1.What does this poem remind you of in your life? 

The poem, If reminds me of when I was a small boy how it was difficult to start to grow up. It makes me remember what a change it was to do things on my own, and it took me a very long time to be independent and start to mature. It also makes me think about how much farther I have to develop in order to completely grow up. 
This poem reminds me of when i was younger in life and everything was still new to me. It reminds me of learning new things and experiencing things for the first time. It brings back memories and yet makes me wonder what the future holds.

2.What feelings does the poem awaken in you? How do your feelings connect with those of the poet?

This poem awakens a variety of feelings within me such as inspiration and the feeling of happiness. It also made a deep connection with me because some of the situations it describes or talks about are experiences of mine also. I think some of the feelings I was feeling were also the feelings of the poet, they even connect to those of the poet because they are the same or close.  My feelings of what you must know and be able to do to be a grownup connect to his and we share the same ideals and principles. This connects us in some inexplicable way that makes is seem as though there are too few words in the English language to describe such a link.


3.What is the poem about? Consider speaker, symbols, comparisons, contrasts and conflicts.

The poem is about growing up. It talks about how the poet can tell his son to grow up. He also explains what a real man is. If you can do this with that happening is what most of the lines are like. The conflict is a boy that cannot grow up and is going through many difficulties. He does not know how feel, act, or be.

This poem is about becoming mature and becoming and adult. The writer is putting his own experiences into this and tells about the high and low ends and the conflicts you will face, like not giving in even though everyone else has. It compares and contrasts the right and wrong decisions that one person can make in their journey to adulthood.


4.What are the poetic form, figurative language and poetic structure? 

It has some rhyming. But not in every line. Between lines it describes how to become a man. It also has much figurative language and can be clear as water. Also the poetic structure is a stanza piece. It has four stanzas and each one rhymes. Each stanza has a little repetition. This keeps the reader engaged and reading.

e. What feelings does the poem awaken in you? How do your feelings connect with those of the poet?

    This poem awakens a variety of feelings within me such as inspiration and the feeling of happiness. It also made a deep connection with me because some of the situations it describes or talks about are experiences of mine also. I think some of the feelings I was feeling were also the feelings of the poet, they even connect to those of the poet because they are the same or close.  My feelings of what you must know and be able to do to be a grownup connect to his and we share the same ideals and principles. This connects us in some inexplicable way that makes is seem as though there are too few words in the English language to describe such a link. Amongst the most famous poems written in the English language is Rudyard Kipling's ever popular piece "if." It seems to have entered into the public's general consciousness in ways that other poems have not come close to. The timeless appeal of the passing down of knowledge and wisdom from father to son is immediately recognized and appreciated by an audience all too familiar with the joys and pitfalls of parenthood. The poem is touching in its sincerity and is full of humility and warmth which has been appreciated by millions since it was first written in 1895.

Rudyard Kipling's If






14 September 2016

Presidential Address APJ Abdul Kalam

Presidential Address 
APJ Abdul Kalam

About the Author: Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (1931 -2015) was born into a middle-class family in Rameswaram of Tamil Nadu state. He was the recipient of the highest civilian award of India, the Bharat Ratna. He was also elected as the eleventh President of India in 2002 and was popular as the People's President. Kalam passed away on 27 July 2015 while delivering a lecture in IIM Shillong to young students.

About the Text: The following presidential address was delivered after being sworn in as the President of India on 24 July 2002. In his speech, he presents his vision for a developed India by elaborating on the nation's strengths and the areas which require refrainment.   

Kalam in his speech after being sworn in as the president conveyed thanks to the members of Parliament and State Legislatures for electing him.  His responsibility as president was to realize the dream of India with prosperity, harmony and strength. 

Presidential Address 
APJ Abdul Kalam

1.      What progress has India made in the fifty years post independence?
India has made many significant achievements in the last fifty years. Indian civilization and heritage are built on the universal spirit. India has always stood for comradeship and extended it warm hands to the world. We have made achievements in the past 50 years in food production, health sector, higher education, media and mass communication, industrial infrastructure, information technology and defence. Our nation is endowed with abundant natural resources, vibrant people and traditions.
2.      What are the problems which continue to plague the nation?
Kalam said that it was unfortunate that India, despite its abundant natural resources, vibrant society and strong traditional value system, continues to reamin as a developing country with many of its citizens still living below the poverty line, undernourished and lack of even primary education. Kalam wanted India to become poverty free, healthy and literate.
Kalam mentioned that the five characteristic elements a country must possess as defined in ‘Thirukkural’ – being disease free, wealthy, high productivity, harmonious living and strong defence. He also said that our country is also facing many challenges such as cross-border terrorism, exploitation, internal conflicts and unemployment.
3.      What elements are essential to a strong nation? How should we go about building these elements?
Kalam said that it was unfortunate that India, despite its abundant natural resources, vibrant society and strong traditional value system, continues to reamin as a developing country with many of its citizens still living below the poverty line, undernourished and lack of even primary education. Kalam wanted India to become poverty free, healthy and literate.
Kalam mentioned that the five characteristic elements a country must possess as defined in ‘Thirukkural’ – being disease free, wealthy, high productivity, harmonious living and strong defence. He also said that our country is also facing many challenges such as cross-border terrorism, exploitation, internal conflicts and unemployment.
4.      What does Kalam aim to achieve?
Kalam said that we must have a vision to face the nation’s challenges. The vision of transforming India into a developed nation can be achieved with Parliamentary democracy. But this should start by igniting the minds of people and by starting a movement in the country.
To highlight the importance of transacting with speed, Kalam quotes the line of the famous saint, poet, Kabir ‘ What you want to do tomorrow do it today, and what you want to do today, do it now’, Kalam also expects the structure of our constitution to be responsive to the demands of our changing situations without any fear or favour.
To survive and prosper in this fast changing world, we must develop competitiveness without our framework of co-operative federalism. Kalam asks to strive for substantive decentralisation. He also says that we must commit to the principle of secularism as all our religious stress on the unity of minds and hearts of our people.
Along with the speedy elimination of poverty and unemployment, Kalam envisions a strong and self reliant India – economically, socially and militarily. He also emphasises empowerment at all the levels – child, teacher, individual, team, women in order to realise the vision of a developed India.
5.      How can we achieve the vision of a developed nation?
Kalam said that we must have a vision to face the nation’s challenges. The vision of transforming India into a developed nation can be achieved with Parliamentary democracy. But this should start by igniting the minds of people and by starting a movement in the country.
To highlight the importance of transacting with speed, Kalam quotes the line of the famous saint, poet, Kabir ‘ What you want to do tomorrow do it today, and what you want to do today, do it now’, Kalam also expects the structure of our constitution to be responsive to the demands of our changing situations without any fear or favour.
To survive and prosper in this fast changing world, we must develop competitiveness without our framework of co-operative federalism. Kalam asks to strive for substantive decentralisation. He also says that we must commit to the principle of secularism as all our religious stress on the unity of minds and hearts of our people.
Along with the speedy elimination of poverty and unemployment, Kalam envisions a strong and self reliant India – economically, socially and militarily. He also emphasises empowerment at all the levels – child, teacher, individual, team, women in order to realise the vision of a developed India.
6.      What is Kalam’s vision of national development? In what way you would contribute to it?
Kalam said that we must have a vision to face the nation’s challenges. The vision of transforming India into a developed nation can be achieved with Parliamentary democracy. But this should start by igniting the minds of people and by starting a movement in the country.
To highlight the importance of transacting with speed, Kalam quotes the line of the famous saint, poet, Kabir ‘ What you want to do tomorrow do it today, and what you want to do today, do it now’, Kalam also expects the structure of our constitution to be responsive to the demands of our changing situations without any fear or favour.
To survive and prosper in this fast changing world, we must develop competitiveness without our framework of co-operative federalism. Kalam asks to strive for substantive decentralisation. He also says that we must commit to the principle of secularism as all our religious stress on the unity of minds and hearts of our people.
Along with the speedy elimination of poverty and unemployment, Kalam envisions a strong and self reliant India – economically, socially and militarily. He also emphasises empowerment at all the levels – child, teacher, individual, team, women in order to realise the vision of a developed India.
7.      What does Kalam have to say about the Indian constitution?
Kalam said that we must have a vision to face the nation’s challenges. The vision of transforming India into a developed nation can be achieved with Parliamentary democracy. But this should start by igniting the minds of people and by starting a movement in the country.
To highlight the importance of transacting with speed, Kalam quotes the line of the famous saint, poet, Kabir ‘ What you want to do tomorrow do it today, and what you want to do today, do it now’, Kalam also expects the structure of our constitution to be responsive to the demands of our changing situations without any fear or favour.
To survive and prosper in this fast changing world, we must develop competitiveness without our framework of co-operative federalism. Kalam asks to strive for substantive decentralisation. He also says that we must commit to the principle of secularism as all our religious stress on the unity of minds and hearts of our people.
Along with the speedy elimination of poverty and unemployment, Kalam envisions a strong and self reliant India – economically, socially and militarily. He also emphasises empowerment at all the levels – child, teacher, individual, team, women in order to realise the vision of a developed India.
8.      Describe Kalam’ vision of a developed India.
Kalam said that we must have a vision to face the nation’s challenges. The vision of transforming India into a developed nation can be achieved with Parliamentary democracy. But this should start by igniting the minds of people and by starting a movement in the country.
To highlight the importance of transacting with speed, Kalam quotes the line of the famous saint, poet, Kabir ‘ What you want to do tomorrow do it today, and what you want to do today, do it now’, Kalam also expects the structure of our constitution to be responsive to the demands of our changing situations without any fear or favour.
To survive and prosper in this fast changing world, we must develop competitiveness without our framework of co-operative federalism. Kalam asks to strive for substantive decentralisation. He also says that we must commit to the principle of secularism as all our religious stress on the unity of minds and hearts of our people.
Along with the speedy elimination of poverty and unemployment, Kalam envisions a strong and self reliant India – economically, socially and militarily. He also emphasises empowerment at all the levels – child, teacher, individual, team, women in order to realise the vision of a developed India.
9.      How does Kalam describe “mental infrastructure”?
Kalam recalls the idea of Dr. G.G.Swell that “We must have a mental infrastructure. Mental infrastructure means sincerity of purpose, of vision, or purity of heart and mind”.
10.  What are the two national priorities, according to Kalam?
The speedy elimination of poverty and unemployment and  creating  a strong and self reliant India – economically, socially and militarily are the two immediate national priorities..
11.   Is the poetry Kalam quotes relevant to his speech? How? ( refer previous answers)
During his lecture, Kalam quotes famous poets like Thiagarajswamigal, Kabir, couplets from Thirukkural and thoughts of Dr. G.G.Swell. All his quotes touch our imaginations and emotions. They’re relevant, memorable and connect the audience to his message.
12.   Analyse Kalam’s “song of youth” as a mission statement.
Kalam envisions the song of India which the youth can sing after India is transformed into a developed nation. He shares the song of youth which he normally recited whenever he visited any school.

The song mentions that it is a crime to have small dreams. It pledges that one is ready to work and sweat for the vision of the development of the nation, the vision which will ignite the billion Indian souls. The song pledges to "keep the lamp of knowledge burning, to achieve the vision of - Developed India".

Exercises

Exercise on page 8
1. windy
2. prepaid
3. clueless
4. development
5. rebuild
6. untie
7. dutiful
8. unsound
9. flowerful
10. content


Presidential Address 
APJ Abdul Kalam

20 August 2016

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14 August 2016

Satya Nadella's email to employees on first day as CEO of Microsoft








Satya Nadella's email to employees on first day as CEO of Microsoft



From: Satya Nadella
To: All Employees
Date: Feb. 4, 2014
Subject: RE: Satya Nadella – Microsoft’s New CEO
Today is a very humbling day for me. It reminds me of my very first day at Microsoft, 22 years ago. Like you, I had a choice about where to come to work. I came here because I believed Microsoft was the best company in the world. I saw then how clearly we empower people to do magical things with our creations and ultimately make the world a better place. I knew there was no better company to join if I wanted to make a difference. This is the very same inspiration that continues to drive me today.
It is an incredible honor for me to lead and serve this great company of ours. Steve and Bill have taken it from an idea to one of the greatest and most universally admired companies in the world. I’ve been fortunate to work closely with both Bill and Steve in my different roles at Microsoft, and as I step in as CEO, I’ve asked Bill to devote additional time to the company, focused on technology and products. I’m also looking forward to working with John Thompson as our new Chairman of the Board.
While we have seen great success, we are hungry to do more. Our industry does not respect tradition — it only respects innovation. This is a critical time for the industry and for Microsoft. Make no mistake, we are headed for greater places — as technology evolves and we evolve with and ahead of it. Our job is to ensure that Microsoft thrives in a mobile and cloud-first world.
As we start a new phase of our journey together, I wanted to share some background on myself and what inspires and motivates me.
Who am I?
I am 46. I’ve been married for 22 years and we have 3 kids. And like anyone else, a lot of what I do and how I think has been shaped by my family and my overall life experiences. Many who know me say I am also defined by my curiosity and thirst for learning. I buy more books than I can finish. I sign up for more online courses than I can complete. I fundamentally believe that if you are not learning new things, you stop doing great and useful things. So family, curiosity and hunger for knowledge all define me.
Why am I here?
I am here for the same reason I think most people join Microsoft — to change the world through technology that empowers people to do amazing things. I know it can sound hyperbolic — and yet it’s true. We have done it, we’re doing it today, and we are the team that will do it again.
I believe over the next decade computing will become even more ubiquitous and intelligence will become ambient. The coevolution of software and new hardware form factors will intermediate and digitize — many of the things we do and experience in business, life and our world. This will be made possible by an ever-growing network of connected devices, incredible computing capacity from the cloud, insights from big data, and intelligence from machine learning.
This is a software-powered world.
It will better connect us to our friends and families and help us see, express, and share our world in ways never before possible. It will enable businesses to engage customers in more meaningful ways.
I am here because we have unparalleled capability to make an impact.
Why are we here?
In our early history, our mission was about the PC on every desk and home, a goal we have mostly achieved in the developed world. Today we’re focused on a broader range of devices. While the deal is not yet complete, we will welcome to our family Nokia devices and services and the new mobile capabilities they bring us.
As we look forward, we must zero in on what Microsoft can uniquely contribute to the world. The opportunity ahead will require us to reimagine a lot of what we have done in the past for a mobile and cloud-first world, and do new things.
We are the only ones who can harness the power of software and deliver it through devices and services that truly empower every individual and every organization. We are the only company with history and continued focus in building platforms and ecosystems that create broad opportunity.
Qi Lu captured it well in a recent meeting when he said that Microsoft uniquely empowers people to “do more.” This doesn’t mean that we need to do more things, but that the work we do empowers the world to do more of what they care about — get stuff done, have fun, communicate and accomplish great things. This is the core of who we are, and driving this core value in all that we do — be it the cloud or device experiences — is why we are here.
What do we do next?
To paraphrase a quote from Oscar Wilde — we need to believe in the impossible and remove the improbable.
This starts with clarity of purpose and sense of mission that will lead us to imagine the impossible and deliver it. We need to prioritize innovation that is centered on our core value of empowering users and organizations to “do more.” We have picked a set of high-value activities as part of our One Microsoft strategy. And with every service and device launch going forward we need to bring more innovation to bear around these scenarios.
Next, every one of us needs to do our best work, lead and help drive cultural change. We sometimes underestimate what we each can do to make things happen and overestimate what others need to do to move us forward. We must change this.
Finally, I truly believe that each of us must find meaning in our work. The best work happens when you know that it’s not just work, but something that will improve other people’s lives. This is the opportunity that drives each of us at this company.
Many companies aspire to change the world. But very few have all the elements required: talent, resources, and perseverance. Microsoft has proven that it has all three in abundance. And as the new CEO, I can’t ask for a better foundation.
Let’s build on this foundation together.

Satya Nadella's email to employees on first day as CEO of Microsoft

1.      What are the three factors that Nadella lists as his formative influences?
In the letter introducing himself to the employees, Nadella says that he is 46 and has been married for 22 years. He has 3 kids and his ideology and thoughts have been shaped by his family and his overall life experiences. His acquaintances say that he is defined by his curiosity and thirst for learning. He buys more books than he could read and regularly signs up for several online courses to keep himself updated. He strongly believes that if we are not learning new things, we stop doing great and useful things. Hence family, curiosity and thirst  for knowledge  are the three factors that made Satya Nadella what he was.
2.       What inspires Nadella?
In the letter introducing himself to the employees, Nadella says that he is 46 and has been married for 22 years. He has 3 kids and his ideology and thoughts have been shaped by his family and his overall life experiences. His acquaintances say that he is defined by his curiosity and thirst for learning. He buys more books than he could read and regularly signs up for several online courses to keep himself updated. He strongly believes that if we are not learning new things, we stop doing great and useful things. Hence family, curiosity and thirst  for knowledge  are the three factors that made Satya Nadella what he was.
3.      Why did Nadella choose to work at Microsoft?
Nadella says that he, like most people, joined Microsoft to change the world through technology that empowers people to do amazing things. The Microsoft team proved it in the past and is continuing to do the same. He says that talent, resources and perseverance are the foundation on which a company attains great heights, and concludes by saying that Microsoft has all of this in plenty.
Nadella believes that Microsoft is uniquely situated to achieve its goal of being a tech leader in the coming decades as well, because it can harness the power of software as well as hardware, through its acquisition of Nokia.
Microsoft is the only company with the history and continued focus in building platforms and ecosystems that create broad opportunity.
4.      Why did Nadella believe that Microsoft was the best company in the world?
Nadella says that he, like most people, joined Microsoft to change the world through technology that empowers people to do amazing things. The Microsoft team proved it in the past and is continuing to do the same. He says that talent, resources and perseverance are the foundation on which a company attains great heights, and concludes by saying that Microsoft has all of this in plenty.
Nadella believes that Microsoft is uniquely situated to achieve its goal of being a tech leader in the coming decades as well, because it can harness the power of software as well as hardware, through its acquisition of Nokia.
Microsoft is the only company with the history and continued focus in building platforms and ecosystems that create broad opportunity.
5.       What did Nadella predict for the future of technology?
Nadella forecasts cloud computing, machine learning, insights from big data and increasingly ubiquitous technology with connected devices as the future, and says that Microsoft will have to evolve to keep pace with these emerging technologies and trends.
Microsoft’s goal in its early years was to have a PC in every home and on every desk. This goal has largely been achieved in the developed world. Today, the world has more or less moved away from PCs and instead favors Mobile and Clouds-Computing devices.
Nadella believes that going forward, Microsoft must focus on innovations which empower people to do more and improve their lives.
Nadella believes that Microsoft is uniquely situated to achieve its goal of being a tech leader in the coming decades as well, because it can harness the power of software as well as hardware, through its acquisition of Nokia.
6.      In which direction is technology evolving, according to Nadella?
Nadella forecasts cloud computing, machine learning, insights from big data and increasingly ubiquitous technology with connected devices as the future, and says that Microsoft will have to evolve to keep pace with these emerging technologies and trends.
Microsoft’s goal in its early years was to have a PC in every home and on every desk. This goal has largely been achieved in the developed world. Today, the world has more or less moved away from PCs and instead favors Mobile and Clouds-Computing devices.
Nadella believes that going forward, Microsoft must focus on innovations which empower people to do more and improve their lives.
Nadella believes that Microsoft is uniquely situated to achieve its goal of being a tech leader in the coming decades as well, because it can harness the power of software as well as hardware, through its acquisition of Nokia.
7.      How will evolving technology make an impact on the lives of common people? How can Microsoft contribute to this?
Nadella forecasts cloud computing, machine learning, insights from big data and increasingly ubiquitous technology with connected devices as the future, and says that Microsoft will have to evolve to keep pace with these emerging technologies and trends.
Microsoft’s goal in its early years was to have a PC in every home and on every desk. This goal has largely been achieved in the developed world. Today, the world has more or less moved away from PCs and instead favors Mobile and Clouds-Computing devices.
Nadella believes that going forward, Microsoft must focus on innovations which empower people to do more and improve their lives.
Nadella believes that Microsoft is uniquely situated to achieve its goal of being a tech leader in the coming decades as well, because it can harness the power of software as well as hardware, through its acquisition of Nokia.
8.      What are the unique selling points of Microsoft, according to Nadella?
Nadella forecasts cloud computing, machine learning, insights from big data and increasingly ubiquitous technology with connected devices as the future, and says that Microsoft will have to evolve to keep pace with these emerging technologies and trends.
Microsoft’s goal in its early years was to have a PC in every home and on every desk. This goal has largely been achieved in the developed world. Today, the world has more or less moved away from PCs and instead favors Mobile and Clouds-Computing devices.
Nadella believes that going forward, Microsoft must focus on innovations which empower people to do more and improve their lives.
Nadella believes that Microsoft is uniquely situated to achieve its goal of being a tech leader in the coming decades as well, because it can harness the power of software as well as hardware, through its acquisition of Nokia.
9.       How does Nadella try to motivate his employees in his letter?
Nadella believes that Microsoft is a great place to work in because it believes in empowering its employees to innovate.
Nadella says that employees commonly underestimate their role in a company, and overestimate the role of others. He says that each employee must work towards innovating technology which will make people’s lives better and easier, and this way, they can also find meaning and joy in their work.
10.  What will help employees find meaning in their work?
Nadella believes that Microsoft is a great place to work in because it believes in empowering its employees to innovate.
Nadella says that employees commonly underestimate their role in a company, and overestimate the role of others. He says that each employee must work towards innovating technology which will make people’s lives better and easier, and this way, they can also find meaning and joy in their work.
11.   What is Nadella’s strategy for Microsoft as it steps into the new decade?
This is a critical time for the industry and for Microsoft.  Nadella wants Microsoft to gear up for the increasing competition and prove itself as a strong rival to its competitors like it was a decade back. 
Nadella emphasises on the need to priorotise innovation  that helps to empower users and organisations to ‘do more’. This starts with clarity of purpose and sense of mission that lead to imagine the impossible and deliver it. All the employees need to do their best work, lead and help drive cultural change. Each of the employees should find meaning in his work.
The Microsoft team proved it in the past and must continue to do the same. He says that talent, resources and perseverance are the foundation on which a company attains great heights, and concludes by saying that Microsoft has all of this in plenty.
Nadella emphasised that with every new device or new service launch in the future, Microsoft should bring about more and more innovation. He envisioned a bright future for Microsoft.
12.  Briefly describe Nadella’s thoughts on innovation and its importance.
This is a critical time for the industry and for Microsoft.  Nadella wants Microsoft to gear up for the increasing competition and prove itself as a strong rival to its competitors like it was a decade back. 
Nadella emphasises on the need to priorotise innovation  that helps to empower users and organisations to ‘do more’. This starts with clarity of purpose and sense of mission that lead to imagine the impossible and deliver it. All the employees need to do their best work, lead and help drive cultural change. Each of the employees should find meaning in his work.
The Microsoft team proved it in the past and must continue to do the same. He says that talent, resources and perseverance are the foundation on which a company attains great heights, and concludes by saying that Microsoft has all of this in plenty.
Nadella emphasised that with every new device or new service launch in the future, Microsoft should bring about more and more innovation. He envisioned a bright future for Microsoft.
13.  What philosophy is at the heart of Nadella’s vision for Microsoft?
This is a critical time for the industry and for Microsoft.  Nadella wants Microsoft to gear up for the increasing competition and prove itself as a strong rival to its competitors like it was a decade back. 
Nadella emphasises on the need to priorotise innovation  that helps to empower users and organisations to ‘do more’. This starts with clarity of purpose and sense of mission that lead to imagine the impossible and deliver it. All the employees need to do their best work, lead and help drive cultural change. Each of the employees should find meaning in his work.
The Microsoft team proved it in the past and must continue to do the same. He says that talent, resources and perseverance are the foundation on which a company attains great heights, and concludes by saying that Microsoft has all of this in plenty.

Nadella emphasised that with every new device or new service launch in the future, Microsoft should bring about more and more innovation. He envisioned a bright future for Microsoft.

Satya Nadella's email to employees on the first day as CEO of Microsoft

Exercises

Homophones on page 32
1. hare
2. son
3. harsh
4. weak
5. stare
6. quay
7. piece
8. tow

Homographs on page 33
1. minute
2. wind
3. incense
4. object
5. row
6. advocate

Homonyms on page 34
1. gross
2. lying
3. arms
4. stress
5. rose
6. key
7. stand
8. shade

Synonyms on page 35
1. rarely
2. dangerous/risky
3. urgent
5. desire for
6. cruel
7. clear
8. become less intense
9. compulsory
10. very careful

Satya Nadella's email to employees on the first day as CEO of Microsoft



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